工程勘察数据的传递控制与可视化     

张鹏  张在明  杨宇友 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(2):55-59,66

从广义说,工程勘察成果中的很大一部分是通过大量数据的传递与处理取得的。数据传递结构的优化和合理控制是提高勘察效率和质量的保证。讨论了用程序编制的方法实现的数据从平面图到剖面图的钻孔距离传递,利用模糊聚类思想提出的对剖面数据进行合并的建议和利用地质三维软件实现的三维地质体模型的耦合展示,这几个问题正是目前大多勘察单位在数据控制与传递流程中可能欠缺的环节。  相似文献   

黑河流域水资源系统演变和人类活动影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘少玉  张光辉  张翠云  周晓妮 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2008,38(5):806-812,819

黑河流域降水集中于山区,平原稀少。50多年来,除了20世纪70—80年代上游的中东部地区降水偏多外,其它区域为正常变化;蒸发量从山区向平原逐渐增大,除了中游蒸发量显示稳定变化外,山区和下游区表现为减少趋势;黑河多年出山径流量呈现稳定变化,但在中下游盆地间的正义峡水文站,径流量自20世纪80年代中期以来,出现了非常明显的减少过程:这是受到中游地区地下水开采量增加、补给量减少和水位下降的影响,主要是中游地区人口数量增多、大规模扩耕灌溉和水工建设作用的结果。计算表明,人类活动影响强度:20世纪50年代占18%,60—70年代占28%,80—90年代占54%;上游占1%,中游占87%,下游占12%。这说明黑河中游80—90年代是人类活动影响强度达到最大的地区。因此,提出了充分认识流域水资源系统演变规律性,约束人类活动的影响,均衡保护利用流域水资源的有关建议。  相似文献   

煤矿区沉降与遥感监测方法探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宁树正万余庆  孙顺新 《中国煤炭地质》2008,20(1):10-12

以晋城市煤矿区沉降研究为例,介绍了应用遥感图像调查与数字高程模型相结合的方法进行煤矿区沉降研究及监测。监测结果表明,沉降区主要集中在该区域的西北部,沉降区面积较大,沉降原因是大矿开采3#煤层,导致地面沉降,只有2处沉降由小煤矿开采9#煤层引起。经验证,具体位置虽有差异,但沉降区基本与实际吻合。依据当前合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术的发展,对煤矿区遥感综合监测方法进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Effect of volatiles erupted from Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activities on paleo-environmental changes in China     

Zhengfu Guo  Xiaoyu Chen  Jiaqi Liu 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2008,2(2):236-239

Based on the determination of composition of volcanic volatiles and petrologic estimation of the total mass of volatiles erupted, we showed important advances in the study of the impact of Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanic activities on paleo-environmental changes in China. The volcanic activities include western Liaoning and Zhangjiakou Mesozoic intermediate-acidic explosive eruptions, southern Tibet and Shanwang Cenozoic volcanism, and Mt. Changbai volcanic eruption around one thousand years ago. The paper predominantly discusses the earth’s surface temperature changes, ozone depletion, acidic rain formation and mass mortalities of vertebrate induced by the Mesozoic and Cenozoic volcanism in China. __________ Translated from Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2007, 26(4): 319–322 [译自: 矿物岩石地球化学通报]  相似文献   

地质灾害风险调查的方法与实践   总被引：20，自引：5，他引：15  

张茂省  唐亚明 《地质通报》2008,27(8):1205-1216

风险管理是一门新兴的管理学科,风险调查是风险源识别、分析、评价和风险处置的基础。在分析国内外地质灾害风险管理进展和差异的基础上,提出了中国地质灾害风险管理中术语统一的意见,论述了地质灾害风险调查的类型和精度,风险的分级,不同精度下风险调查的内容和方法,以及风险调查的技术要点。并以陕西省延安市市区和虎头峁场址风险调查为例,分别阐述了1∶10000、1∶1000比例尺精度下的风险调查和区划的过程、结果。  相似文献   

浅谈测井方法在工程勘察中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

建林青 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(12):40-41

地球物理测井应用于工程勘察中,能够较好地解决用钻探不易解决的问题,如有效判别薄夹层、寻找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带、判断孔内土层稳定性以及测定土层的速度等。其中自然伽马测井曲线在判定含砾粘土夹层及软弱薄粘土夹层等方面具有较高的准确性;声波、井径、自然γ、视电阻率等测井方法可有效查找井旁隐伏断裂破碎带,特别是声波测井曲线异常更为明显;另外跨孔实测剪切波速还可进行地基土加固效果检验。  相似文献   

遥感技术在黑竹沟风景旅游资源调查分类与评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张瑞英  何政伟  张雪峰 《干旱区地理》2006,29(6):909-914

随着信息技术的发展,遥感成为了旅游资源调查评价的新手段。阐述了运用遥感新技术对四川省乐山市黑竹沟风景旅游区旅游资源进行调查的过程,并结合现场调研和相关资料对其旅游资源进行了分类和评价。首先对黑竹沟风景旅游区2003年的ETM影像数据遥感图像进行了处理,然后建立了解译标志进行旅游资源信息的提取和分析,最后对黑竹沟风景旅游区的旅游资源进行了客观全面的分类和评价。黑竹沟的旅游资源可分为2大类、7亚类、21个基本类型,是一处景源内容丰富、景象多变的旅游区,发展潜力巨大。  相似文献   

Construction Problems on the Karstified Limestone Tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal: A Case Study     

M. Quinta Ferreira  J. L. Velho 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(1):101-116

During the excavations for the foundations of a three storey building on the limestone tuffs of Condeixa, Central Portugal, a large dissolution fissure and smaller dissolution voids were found. Since the area has never been the subject of engineering geology investigation, it was decided to evaluate the risk associated with the construction of the building. These limestone tuffs were formed in a continental environment by the precipitation of calcite carried by the water coming from the large limestone body in the east. The precipitated calcite mixed with the terrigenous materials and around trunks and leaves of plants, originating a very heterogeneous and porous ground, which is characteristic of limestone tuffs. The study started with a detailed geological survey followed by a large number of destructive drillings, located essentially under the pad foundations. The results revealed several karstic cavities with serious problems for the building foundations and the structure, and many smaller dissolution cavities, often filled with clayey soils. The ground treatment solutions used included, dental cleaning, filling with concrete or granular material the dissolution structures accessible at the level of the foundation, reinforcement of the footing and the structure of the building and adding a continuous foundation beam to hold the foundations together. The cost of the engineering geology study, site investigation, ground treatment, and the reinforcement of the foundation and building, increased the total construction cost from 2%, at the design stage, to 4.8%.  相似文献   

Environmental and health risk assessment in abandoned mining area, Zlata Idka, Slovakia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S. Rapant  Z. Dietzová  S. Cicmanová 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):387-397

The Zlata Idka village is a typical mountainous settlement. As a consequence of more than 500 years of mining activity, its environment has been extensively affected by pollution from potentially toxic elements. This paper presents the results of an environmental-geochemical and health research in the Zlata Idka village, Slovakia. Geochemical analysis indicates that arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are enriched in soils, groundwater, surface water and stream sediments. The average As and Sb contents are 892 mg/kg and 818 mg/kg in soils, 195 mg/kg and 249 mg/kg in stream sediments, 0.028 mg/l and 0.021 mg/l in groundwater and 0.024 mg/l and 0.034 mg/l in surface water. Arsenic and Sb concentrations exceed upper permissible limits in locally grown vegetables. Within the epidemiological research the As and Sb contents in human tissues and fluids have been observed (blood, urine, nails and hair) in approximately one third of the village’s population (120 respondents). The average As and Sb concentrations were 16.3 μg/l and 3.8 μg/l in blood, 15.8 μg/l and 18.8 μg/l in urine, 3,179 μg/kg and 1,140 μg/kg in nails and 379 μg/kg and 357 μg/kg in hair. These concentrations are comparatively much higher than the average population. Health risk calculations for the ingestion of soil, water, and vegetables indicates a very high carcinogenic risk (>1/1,000) for as content in soil and water. The hazard quotient [HQ=average daily dose (ADD)/reference dose (RfD)] calculation method indicates a HQ>1 for groundwater As and Sb concentrations.  相似文献   

土壤天然热释光测量在寻找滑坡体边界中的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张丽娇  叶树林  刘庆成 《工程地质学报》2006,14(6):815-818

土壤天然热释光测量方法是一种累积型测氡方法。由于累积测氡时间长,其灵敏度和异常的重现性远比一般累积测氡及其子体方法好,因此,在地质领域得到了广泛的应用。在寻找滑坡体边界的应用中,取得的测量效果明显,表明该方法经济有效。  相似文献